[iOS] 웹페이지 긁어오기

이번엔 iOS SDK 기반 Objective-C에서도 웹페이지를 비동기로 긁어오는 기능을 하는 코드를 메모해본다. (NS 계열 API이니 아이폰/아이패드/Mac OS X에서 다 쓸 수 있을 듯)

사용하는 클래스는 NSURLRequestNSURLConnection.
- (void)URLRequest:(NSString*)url {
  NSURLRequest* req =
    [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]
                     cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy
                 timeoutInterval:60];

  NSURLConnection* conn =
    [[NSURLConnection alloc]
      initWithRequest:req delegate:self];

  if (conn) {
    _recvData = [[NSMutableData data] retain];
  } else {
  // connection failed
  }
}

- (void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
 didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
  [_recvData setLength:0];
}

- (void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
     didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
  [_recvData appendData:data];
}

- (void) connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
  NSString* recvStr =
    [[NSString alloc]
      initWithData:_recvData
          encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
  NSLog(@"Received String: %@", recvStr);

  [recvStr release];

  [connection release];
  [_recvData release];
}

- (void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
   didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
  [connection release];
  [_recvData release];
}
코드가 너무 길어질까봐 들여쓰기를 멋대로 정리해 버렸다. URLRequest 라는 메소드를 정의해서 url을 넘겨주면 나중에 데이터가 connectionDidFinishLoading 으로 들어오게 된다.

_recvData라는 멤버는 적당히 NSMutableData 로 하나 만들어 둔 것이다. 생략하긴 했지만 이런 멤버변수 관리는 원래 프로그래머가 알아서 해야 될 것이니깐.

핵심만 요약하자면

1. NSURLRequest 로 url 및 cache policy 등을 정의해서 request 객체를 만든다.

2. NSURLConnection 객체를 NSURLRequest로 생성한 객체를 이용해 만든다. 이러면 바로 request가 발송되는 듯 하다.

3. connection:didReceiveResponse가 호출되면 응답을 받기 시작하는 상황이다. 버퍼를 미리 비워두자.

4. connection:didReceiveData가 호출되면 데이터가 전송되는 상황이다. 준비해 둔 버퍼에 데이터를 붙여넣는다.

5. connectionDidFinish 를 통해 최종적으로 데이터 전송이 완료된다. 원하는 대로 데이터를 가공해서 사용하면 된다.

더 상세하게 (예를 들자면 GET 대신 POST 로 데이터를 넘겨주는 방식) 사용하려면 NSURLRequest가 아니라 NSMutableURLRequest를 이용하면 된다. setHTTPMethod 같은 메소드가 마련되어 있으니 레퍼런스 문서를 참고할 것.

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